Abstract

Questions whether, in out-of-body experiences (OBEs), some aspect of the human psyche literally separates from the body or whether the experience is illusory. A theory is proposed to account for reports of OBEs without resorting to assumptions of mind/body separation: (a) An OBE is triggered by a discrete change in the person's body concept (due to either a relaxed state or one involving acute stress). (b) The change threatens the person's self-concept, or identity. (c) Unconscious primary processes act to reestablish a sense of identity as quickly as possible. (d) Identity may be reestablished in several ways, depending on the psychological context. (e) The primary process solution is only partly satisfactory, and at the same time the ego strives to establish a normal body image, thus ending the OBE. (f) With practice, some persons can gain ego-control over the primary process activity--a form of "regression in the service of the ego." Evidence for and against each proposition is presented, and alternative ways that the mind might use to reestablish identity (e.g., fainting) are noted. It is argued that acceptance of this hypothesis does not invalidate the theory of mind/body separation. (17 ref)