Abstract

Examined the effect of opposing volitional activity on psi results of 2 competing Ss and tested whether the effect would manifest itself in greater differences in scores when Ss' intentions related to the same target than when they were directed to different targets. Three series of tests with 20 sessions of 5 runs each were planned. Unexpectedly, the 2nd series had to be terminated after 9 sessions. In each series Ss competed to guess concealed ESP symbols. In half the sessions the targets for Ss were the same and in the other half they were different. Ss did not know whether they were working in the same or different conditions. Results were evaluated by obtaining a critical ratio (CR) for the difference of the scores of Ss in each session. CRs were squared to obtain chi-square values. In Series 1, the sum of chi-squares for the 10 sessions in which both Ss guessed the same targets was significant, but it was not in the different target condition. The same pattern held for Series 2. For Series 3 neither condition was significant. (11 ref)