Abstract

Investigated the effects of 2 psychologically distinct techniques of attempting to influence falling dice. In the 1st technique ("conscious concentration"), the S was requested to attempt, by consciously focusing his willpower and inducing a tension in his muscles, to force the dice to fall with the target face upward. In the 2nd technique ("visualization"), the S was asked merely to visualize the desired face while in a state of relaxation. A total of 10 21-64 yr old Ss with no ESP experience served as Ss. Marginally significant evidence of psi-missing was obtained in the conscious concentration condition (p < .04), but chance results were obtained under the visualization condition. The difference in scoring rate between the 2 conditions was significant at the .05 level.