Abstract

Two experimenters each tested 30 different Ss, with a separate session of 10 runs for each S. The run consisted of 12 1-symbol calls, each call being simultaneously directed to both members of a different pair of cards taken successively off the top of an open deck of 24 randomly arranged ESP cards. After turning the pair upside down, the experimenter looked at the symbol on the new top card of the inverted pair, and did not look at the symbol on the new bottom card of the inverted pair until after the call. Thus, the top card afforded a test of general extrasensory perception (GESP--ESP with an agent) and the bottom card a test of clairvoyance (ESP without an agent). The GESP score had a positive deviation with a 1-tailed p < 0.009, while the clairvoyance score was insignificantly negative. A t-test of the difference between the GESP and clairvoyance scores for each S yielded a 1-tailed p < 0.05. A positive correlation occurred between the Ss' scores on GESP and clairvoyance with a 2-tailed p < 0.05. Reinforcement did not occur when the 2 targets were alike. (5 ref)